曾經有位網友和我討論怎樣編寫一個通過服務器對客戶機上的程序進行自我升級的問題,由于我的項目也涉及到自我升級,當時我把我的解決方案提了出來,那就是做一個類似于瑞星的升級程序。在這里我也發現了很多的網友對這個問題很困惑,故我愿意把我的設計方案寫出來與大家共享,大家也可以通過這個思路用其他語言進行改寫。
以下是我的具體思路:
寫兩個程序,一個是主程序;一個是升級程序(升級程序放在服務器上);
說明:所有升級任務都由升級程序完成。
1.啟動升級程序,升級程序連接到網站,下載新的主程序(當然還包括支持的庫文件等)到臨時文件夾;
2.升級程序檢測舊的主程序是否活動,若活動則關閉舊的主程序(同時記下主程序的狀態);
3.刪除舊的主程序,拷貝臨時文件夾中的文件到相應的位置,同時注冊相應的文件;
4.檢查主程序的狀態,若狀態為活動的,則啟動新的主程序;
5.關閉升級程序。
6.祝賀你,升級完成。
下面進行具體的程序編寫,需建立三個工程,然后把它們編輯成一個組,三個工程需共用一個模塊。
建立工程步驟:
1. 建立工程proMain:打開vb,“新建工程”,選擇“標準EXE”, 再給工程中添加模塊,并且命名為modCommon,修改窗體名為frmMain,同時修改工程名為projMain,然后保存到某個文件夾(譬如在桌面建立個文件夾Update),窗體、模塊和工程分別保存為frmMain.frm、modCommon.bas、projMain.vbp;
2. 建立工程projNewMain:點擊菜單“文件|新建工程” ,選擇“標準EXE”,點擊菜單“工程|添加模塊”,在彈出的對話框中選擇“現存”標簽,定位到Update文件夾,選中modCommon.bas模塊。修改窗體名為frmNewMain,同時修改工程名為projNewMain,然后保存到Update文件夾,窗體和工程分別保存為frmNewMain.frm、projNewMain.vbp;
3. 建立工程projUpdate:點擊菜單“文件|新建工程” ,選擇“標準EXE”,點擊菜單“工程|添加模塊”,在彈出的對話框中選擇“現存”標簽,定位到Update文件夾,選中modCommon.bas模塊。修改窗體名為frmUpdate,同時修改工程名為projUpdate,然后保存到Update文件夾,窗體和工程分別保存為frmUpdate.frm、projUpdate.vbp;
4. 建立組:在工程projUpdate中,點擊菜單“文件|添加工程…”在彈出的對話框中選擇“現存”標簽,定位到Update文件夾,選擇projMain.vbp;重復該動作,選擇projNewMain.vbp;保存該組即可;
5. 關閉工程,定位到Update文件夾,然后執行下面的步驟。
各個工程文件中的文件源碼:
一、 projMain.vbp工程:
說明:這個是舊的主程序,從來沒有進行過升級前的程序。
用記事本打開frmMain.frm文件,copy以下內容到其中:
VERSION 5.00
Begin VB.Form frmMain
Caption = "請點擊升級進行程序"
ClientHeight = 1140
ClientLeft = 60
ClientTop = 345
ClientWidth = 4500
LinkTopic = "Form1"
ScaleHeight = 1140
ScaleWidth = 4500
StartUpPosition = 3 '窗口缺省
Begin VB.CommandButton Command1
Caption = "升級"
Height = 525
Left = 1380
TabIndex = 0
Top = 570
Width = 1245
End
End
Attribute VB_Name = "frmMain"
Attribute VB_GlobalNameSpace = False
Attribute VB_Creatable = False
Attribute VB_PredeclaredId = True
Attribute VB_Exposed = False
option Explicit
' ------------------------------------------ ' 升級程序的例子 ' 作者: 謝家峰 ' 日期: 2003/12/19 ' ' 這里是沒有升級時的主程序 ' ' ------------------------------------------
Private Sub Command1_Click() Command1.Enabled = False
' 運行更新程序
Shell App.Path & "update.exe", vbNormalFocus
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load() If App.PrevInstance Then End UpdateIniPath = App.Path & "Update.ini" ' 記錄主程序的名字 WritePrivateProfileString "Main", "Name", App.EXEName, UpdateIniPath
' 記錄運行狀態 WritePrivateProfileString "Main", "Active", "-1", UpdateIniPath
' 記錄更新次數 WritePrivateProfileString "Update", "Num", "0", UpdateIniPath Me.Caption = App.EXEName End Sub
Private Sub Form_Unload(Cancel As Integer) ' 記錄運行狀態 WritePrivateProfileString "Main", "Active", "0", UpdateIniPath End Sub
用記事本打開modCommon.bas文件,copy以下內容到其中:
Attribute VB_Name = "modCommon"
Option Explicit
' ------------------------------------------ ' 升級程序的例子 ' 作者: 謝家峰 ' 日期: 2003/12/19 ' ' 這里是通用模塊,放置API函數以及公用函數 ' ' ------------------------------------------
Public Declare Sub Sleep Lib "kernel32" (ByVal dwMilliseconds As Long)
Public Declare Function GetPrivateProfileString Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetPrivateProfileStringA" (ByVal lpApplicationName As String, ByVal lpKeyName As Any, ByVal lpDefault As String, ByVal lpReturnedString As String, ByVal lSize As Long, ByVal lpFilename As String) As Long
Public Declare Function WritePrivateProfileString Lib "kernel32" Alias "WritePrivateProfileStringA" (ByVal lpApplicationName As Any, ByVal lpKeyName As Any, ByVal lpString As Any, ByVal lplFilename As String) As Long
Public Declare Function GetPrivateProfileSection Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetPrivateProfileSectionA" (ByVal lpAppName As String, ByVal lpReturnedString As String, ByVal nSize As Long, ByVal lpFilename As String) As Long
Public Declare Function FindWindow Lib "user32" Alias "FindWindowA" (ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal lpWindowName As String) As Long
Public Declare Function SendMessage Lib "user32" Alias "SendMessageA" (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal wMsg As Long, ByVal wParam As Long, lParam As Any) As Long
Const WM_Close = &H10 Private Const gintMAX_SIZE% = 255 'Maximum buffer size
Public UpdateIniPath As String ' =============================================== ' 從資源文件中提取文件 ' ' ===============================================
Public Function SaveFileFromRes(vntResourceID As Variant, sType As String, sFileName As String) As Boolean Dim bytImage() As Byte Dim iFileNum As Integer On Error GoTo SaveFileFromRes_Err SaveFileFromRes = True bytImage = LoadResData(vntResourceID, sType) iFileNum = FreeFile Open sFileName For Binary As iFileNum Put #iFileNum, , bytImage Close iFileNum Exit Function
SaveFileFromRes_Err: SaveFileFromRes = False: Exit Function
End Function
' =============================================== ' 從緩沖區中讀取字符串 ' ' ===============================================
Private Function StringFromBuffer(Buffer As String) As String
Dim nPos As Long nPos = InStr(Buffer, vbNullChar) If nPos > 0 Then StringFromBuffer = Left$(Buffer, nPos - 1) Else StringFromBuffer = Buffer End If End Function
' =============================================== ' 讀Ini文件 ' ' ===============================================
Public Function ReadIniFile(ByVal strIniFile As String, ByVal strSection As String, ByVal strKey As String, Optional ByVal strKeyDefault As String = vbNullString) As String
Dim strBuffer As String strBuffer = Space$(gintMAX_SIZE) If GetPrivateProfileString(strSection, strKey, strKeyDefault, strBuffer, gintMAX_SIZE, strIniFile) Then ReadIniFile = StringFromBuffer(strBuffer) End If End Function
' 檢查文件是否存在 Function FileExists(filename As String) As Boolean On Error Resume Next FileExists = (Dir$(filename) <> "") End Function
' 改變標簽的文本及位置
Public Function ChangeLabelPos(frm As Form, lbl As Label, msg As String) With lbl .Caption = msg .Left = (frm.ScaleWidth - .Width) / 2 .Top = .Height / 2 End With End Function
'關閉窗體
Function CloseValidForm(Ret As String) As Boolean Dim WinWnd As Long '搜尋該窗口的句柄 WinWnd = FindWindow(vbNullString, Ret) If WinWnd <> 0 Then SendMessage WinWnd, WM_Close, 0&, 0& End If CloseValidForm = True End Function |
二、 projNewMain.vbp工程:
說明:這個是新的主程序,即升級后的主程序,由于我目前沒有服務器,故將該程序放在projUpdate.vbp工程的資源文件中。在projUpdate.vbp中模擬網絡升級。
用記事本打開frmNewMain.frm文件,copy以下內容到其中:
VERSION 5.00 Begin VB.Form frmNewMain Appearance = 0 'Flat BackColor = &H80000005& Caption = "Form1" ClientHeight = 1365 ClientLeft = 60 ClientTop = 345 ClientWidth = 4680 LinkTopic = "Form1" ScaleHeight = 1365 ScaleWidth = 4680 StartUpPosition = 3 '窗口缺省 Begin VB.CommandButton Command1 Caption = "升級" Height = 525 Left = 1410 TabIndex = 0 Top = 660 Width = 1245 End
Begin VB.Label lblCap Caption = "告訴你,我已經升級了,沒看出和以前不一樣了嗎?" Height = 255 Left = 120 TabIndex = 1 Top = 60 Width = 4275 End End
Attribute VB_Name = "frmNewMain" Attribute VB_GlobalNameSpace = False Attribute VB_Creatable = False Attribute VB_PredeclaredId = True Attribute VB_Exposed = False Option Explicit
' ------------------------------------------ ' 升級程序的例子 ' 作者: 謝家峰 ' 日期: 2003/12/19 ' ' 這里是升級后的主程序 ' ' ------------------------------------------
Private Sub Command1_Click() Command1.Enabled = False ' 運行更新程序 Shell App.Path & "update.exe", vbNormalFocus End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load() Dim i As Integer If App.PrevInstance Then End UpdateIniPath = App.Path & "Update.ini"
' 記錄主程序的名字 WritePrivateProfileString "Main", "Name", App.EXEName, UpdateIniPath
' 記錄運行狀態 WritePrivateProfileString "Main", "Active", "-1", UpdateIniPath Me.Caption = App.EXEName End Sub
Private Sub Form_Unload(Cancel As Integer) ' 記錄運行狀態 WritePrivateProfileString "Main", "Active", "0", UpdateIniPath End Sub |
三、 projUpdate.vbp工程:
說明:這是升級程序,含有一個資源文件。
用記事本打開frmUpdate.frm文件,copy以下內容到其中:
VERSION 5.00 Begin VB.Form frmUpdate BackColor = &H80000007& BorderStyle = 0 'None Caption = "Form1" ClientHeight = 1185 ClientLeft = 0 ClientTop = 0 ClientWidth = 5400 LinkTopic = "Form1" MaxButton = 0 'False MinButton = 0 'False ScaleHeight = 1185 ScaleWidth = 5400 ShowInTaskbar = 0 'False StartUpPosition = 2 '屏幕中心 Begin VB.CommandButton Command1 Appearance = 0 'Flat Caption = "關閉" Height = 435 Left = 2130 TabIndex = 0 Top = 630 Visible = 0 'False Width = 1245 End
Begin VB.Label lblCap AutoSize = -1 'True BackStyle = 0 'Transparent BeginProperty Font Name = "宋體" Size = 12 Charset = 134 Weight = 400 Underline = 0 'False Italic = 0 'False Strikethrough = 0 'False EndProperty ForeColor = &H000000FF& Height = 240 Left = 330 TabIndex = 1 Top = 150 Width = 120 End
Begin VB.Shape Shape1 BackColor = &H00C0FFFF& BackStyle = 1 'Opaque BorderColor = &H0000FF00& Height = 1065 Left = 60 Top = 60 Width = 5265 End End
Attribute VB_Name = "frmUpdate" Attribute VB_GlobalNameSpace = False Attribute VB_Creatable = False Attribute VB_PredeclaredId = True Attribute VB_Exposed = False
Option Explicit
' ------------------------------------------ ' 升級程序的例子 ' 作者: 謝家峰 ' 日期: 2003/12/19 ' ' 這里是升級程序 ' ' ------------------------------------------
Dim State As Boolean Private Sub Command1_Click() Unload Me End Sub
Private Sub Form_Activate() Dim i As Integer Dim j As String Dim OldExeFile As String Dim NewExeFile As String Dim tmpFile As String Dim MainState As Boolean
DoEvents
If State Then ' 獲取舊主程序名稱 OldExeFile = CStr(ReadIniFile(UpdateIniPath, "Main", "Name", "主程序")) NewExeFile = OldExeFile OldExeFile = App.Path & "" & OldExeFile & ".exe" tmpFile = App.Path & "mp.tmp" ' 改寫升級次數 i = CInt(ReadIniFile(UpdateIniPath, "Update", "Num", "0")) i = i + 1 ChangeLabelPos Me, lblCap, "這是您第" & i & "次升級!" Sleep 1500 ' 摸擬從網站下載新的更新程序。 ChangeLabelPos Me, lblCap, "正在 摸擬從網站下載新的升級程序 ..."
Sleep 1000 On Error Resume Next Kill tmpFile ' 此處可以修改為將臨時文件放在臨時文件夾內 SaveFileFromRes 101, "CUSTOM", tmpFile Sleep 1000 On Error GoTo 0 ' 檢查主程序是否開啟,若開啟則關閉舊程序
MainState = CBool(CInt(ReadIniFile(UpdateIniPath, "Main", "Active", "0")))
If MainState Then
' 關閉舊程序 ChangeLabelPos Me, lblCap, "正在關閉舊程序 ... " Sleep 300 ' 這里強行關閉舊程序 ' 你也可以發送消息,讓舊程序自己關閉 Do While -1 DoEvents If CloseValidForm(NewExeFile) Then Exit Do End If Loop Sleep 200 End If
' 刪除舊程序 On Error Resume Next ChangeLabelPos Me, lblCap, "正在刪除舊程序 ... " Sleep 1000 Kill OldExeFile Sleep 1000 ' 生成新主程序名稱 ' NewExeFile = CStr(ReadIniFile(UpdateIniPath, "Main", "Name", "主程序")) j = Right(NewExeFile, 1) If IsNumeric(j) Then j = i NewExeFile = Left(NewExeFile, Len(NewExeFile) - 1) Else j = 1 End If
' 記錄主程序的名字
NewExeFile = NewExeFile & j WritePrivateProfileString "Main", "Name", NewExeFile, UpdateIniPath NewExeFile = App.Path & "" & NewExeFile & ".exe"
' 拷貝新程序
ChangeLabelPos Me, lblCap, "正在更新程序 ... " Sleep 1000 FileCopy tmpFile, NewExeFile Sleep 1000 ' 刪除臨時程序 Kill tmpFile ' 記錄更新次數 WritePrivateProfileString "Update", "Num", CStr(i), UpdateIniPath ' 檢查舊程序的狀態 If MainState Then ChangeLabelPos Me, lblCap, "正在啟動更新后的主程序 ... " Sleep 1000 Shell NewExeFile, vbNormalNoFocus End If ' 關閉更新程序 Command1.Visible = True ChangeLabelPos Me, lblCap, "更新完成,請等待 3 秒后將自動關閉更新程序 ..." Sleep 3000 lblCap.Refresh Unload Me End If End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load() If App.PrevInstance Then End UpdateIniPath = App.Path & "Update.ini" State = True End Sub |
完成了三個工程的代碼拷貝,在代碼的必要之處我都進行了詳細注釋,這里我就不再介紹代碼了,現在進行最后一步,模擬從網站下載升級后的程序。
a. 打開projMain.vbp,編譯該工程,并且命名為“主程序.exe”;
b. 打開projNewMain.vbp,編譯該工程,并且命名為“projNewMain.exe”;
c. 打開projUpdate.vbp,打開工具欄上的“vb資源編輯器”(若沒找到,讀者需要點擊菜單“外接程序|外接程序管理器”,在打開的對話框中選擇“vb6資源編輯器”,在加載行為中選擇“加載/卸載”復選框),在資源編輯器中選擇“添加自定義資源 …”,在打開的對話框中定位到Update文件夾,選擇projNewMain.exe文件,保存該資源文件,最后編譯該工程并且命名為“Update.exe”。
d. 將可執行文件“主程序.exe”、“Update.exe”拷貝到同一個文件夾中,運行任一個程序,相信讀者會看到效果。
以上代碼比較簡單,僅供讀者分析思路用。在實際工程中的代碼編寫時也根本沒必要把projNewMain.exe放在資源文件中,讀者只需將它放在服務器的某個位置,然后在projUpdate.vbp中的相應處寫下載代碼即可。